EnSignals Texas drilling permit data you can check against the source
Draft preview. We're still finalizing how we count (details). The data itself is real, from the RRC's public records, but some numbers could shift a little once the counting rules are locked in.

Where Texas is permitting: 2022Q4

Original drilling permits by county. Hover over a county to see its numbers. Click one to compare its most active operators.

← 2022Q3 · 2022Q4 · 2023Q1 →    permit counts · change vs prior quarter

0 1–2 3–9 10–29 30–99 100+

160 counties had at least one permit approved in 2022Q4.

Table view: every county with activity (178)
County2022Q3 2022Q4Δ Top operators (2022Q4)
MARTIN (317) 232 250 +18 PIONEER NATURAL RES. USA, INC. (58) · DIAMONDBACK E&P LLC (48) · DE IV OPERATING, LLC (31)
REEVES (389) 156 162 +6 BPX OPERATING COMPANY (29) · COLGATE OPERATING, LLC (15) · CHEVRON U. S. A. INC. (12)
CRANE (103) 133 123 -10 BLACKBEARD OPERATING, LLC (95) · RING ENERGY, INC. (16) · SLANT OPERATING, LLC (8)
HOWARD (227) 146 123 -23 HIGHPEAK ENERGY HOLDINGS, LLC (58) · MURCHISON OIL AND GAS, LLC (14) · OXY USA INC. (10)
MIDLAND (329) 155 101 -54 PIONEER NATURAL RES. USA, INC. (43) · XTO ENERGY INC. (15) · CROWNQUEST OPERATING, LLC (9)
UPTON (461) 51 101 +50 PIONEER NATURAL RES. USA, INC. (33) · COG OPERATING LLC (20) · TRP OPERATING LLC (16)
WEBB (479) 99 82 -17 EOG RESOURCES, INC. (18) · TROUBADOUR OPERATING, LLC (11) · KIMMERIDGE TEXAS GAS, LLC (10)
REAGAN (383) 46 70 +24 HIBERNIA RESOURCES III, LLC (17) · PIONEER NATURAL RES. USA, INC. (13) · ENDEAVOR ENERGY RESOURCES L.P. (8)
KARNES (255) 69 65 -4 DEVON ENERGY PRODUCTION CO, L.P. (15) · EOG RESOURCES, INC. (10) · GULFTEX ENERGY, LLC (10)
LOVING (301) 140 63 -77 ANADARKO E&P ONSHORE LLC (22) · TAP ROCK OPERATING, LLC (14) · MEWBOURNE OIL COMPANY (10)
ANDREWS (3) 107 51 -56 BIRCH OPERATIONS, INC. (13) · DIAMONDBACK E&P LLC (11) · FASKEN OIL AND RANCH, LTD. (8)
DIMMIT (127) 61 50 -11 GRIT OIL & GAS MANAGEMENT, LLC (31) · SN EF MAVERICK, LLC (4) · ATLAS OPERATING LLC (3)
ATASCOSA (13) 13 47 +34 MARATHON OIL EF LLC (23) · ARROW S ENERGY OPERATING, LLC (9) · TEXAS AMERICAN RESOURCES COMPANY (7)
PANOLA (365) 35 44 +9 ROCKCLIFF ENERGY OPERATING LLC (12) · R. LACY SERVICES, LTD. (8) · SHERIDAN PRODUCTION CO III, LLC (5)
WARD (475) 32 44 +12 POINT ENERGY PARTNERS PETRO, LLC (16) · FORGE ENERGY OPERATING, LLC (10) · CALLON PETROLEUM OPERATING CO (9)
LA SALLE (283) 71 42 -29 LEWIS PETRO PROPERTIES, INC. (8) · TRINITY OPERATING (USG), LLC (7) · EOG RESOURCES, INC. (6)
PECOS (371) 44 42 -2 CONTINENTAL RESOURCES, INC. (13) · XTO ENERGY INC. (11) · KINDER MORGAN PRODUCTION CO LLC (10)
MCMULLEN (311) 48 41 -7 BPX OPERATING COMPANY (9) · REPSOL OIL & GAS USA, LLC (9) · MURPHY EXPL. & PROD. CO. - USA (8)
GONZALES (177) 21 39 +18 EOG RESOURCES, INC. (27) · VERDUN OIL & GAS LLC (4) · PENN VIRGINIA OIL & GAS, L.P. (3)
WINKLER (495) 44 35 -9 WPX ENERGY PERMIAN, LLC (10) · BLACKBEARD OPERATING, LLC (8) · PILOT WATER GATH DELAWARE LLC (5)
CULBERSON (109) 48 30 -18 CHEVRON U. S. A. INC. (19) · CIMAREX ENERGY CO. (8) · PETRO-HUNT PERMIAN, LLC (3)
FISHER (151) 19 27 +8 L.C.S. PRODUCTION COMPANY (10) · SOJOURNER DRILLING CORPORATION (5) · HADAWAY CONSULT AND ENGINEER,LLC (3)
REFUGIO (391) 12 24 +12 T-C OIL COMPANY, LLC (11) · HILCORP ENERGY COMPANY (8) · PALOMA OPERATING, LLC (3)
ECTOR (135) 42 23 -19 DIAMONDBACK E&P LLC (11) · MAVERICK PERMIAN LLC (4) · ATMOS ENERGY CORP., MID-TEX DIV. (3)
MEDINA (325) 15 23 +8 1859 OPERATING LLC (22) · PREMIER MINERALS, INC. (1)
SCURRY (415) 17 23 +6 KINDER MORGAN PRODUCTION CO LLC (14) · MORIAH OPERATING,LLC (3) · SCHLACHTER OPERATING CORPORATION (3)
IRION (235) 21 18 -3 TRIPLE CROWN RESOURCES, LLC (8) · PIONEER NATURAL RES. USA, INC. (6) · COMPASS ENERGY OPERATING, LLC (1)
MOORE (341) 18 18 +0 SCOUT ENERGY MANAGEMENT LLC (15) · J. W. RESOURCES INC. (2) · POLARIS OPERATING, LLC (1)
GAINES (165) 18 17 -1 OXY USA INC. (10) · WHITE ROCK OIL & GAS, LLC (2) · ATMOS ENERGY CORP., MID-TEX DIV. (1)
HARRISON (203) 31 17 -14 COMSTOCK OIL & GAS, LLC (7) · KING OPERATING CORPORATION (2) · RFE OPERATING, LLC (2)
TARRANT (439) 5 17 +12 TEP BARNETT USA, LLC (12) · GHA BARNETT, LLC (5)
YOAKUM (501) 12 17 +5 BURK ROYALTY CO., LTD. (6) · STEWARD ENERGY II, LLC (4) · RING ENERGY, INC. (3)
LAVACA (285) 8 15 +7 PENN VIRGINIA OIL & GAS, L.P. (6) · ROCC OIL & GAS, L.P. (4) · CAPITAL STAR OIL & GAS, INC. (2)
DE WITT (123) 21 14 -7 BPX OPERATING COMPANY (5) · MARATHON OIL EF LLC (3) · ROSEWOOD RESOURCES, INC. (2)
LIVE OAK (297) 33 14 -19 BURLINGTON RESOURCES O & G CO LP (6) · ENSIGN OPERATING LLC (4) · DAHCO OPERATING, LLC (2)
WISE (497) 12 14 +2 BKV BARNETT, LLC (7) · SAGE NATURAL RESOURCES LLC (5) · LIME ROCK RESOURCES IV-A, L.P. (2)
NACOGDOCHES (347) 14 13 -1 AETHON ENERGY OPERATING LLC (8) · SONERRA RESOURCES CORPORATION (4) · EXCO OPERATING COMPANY, LP (1)
WILBARGER (487) 13 12 -1 W.T. WAGGONER ESTATE, INC. (7) · DRY FORK PRODUCTION CO., LLC (2) · INTERSTATE EXPLORATIONS LLC (1)
ARCHER (9) 4 11 +7 B.O.L.D. OIL AND GAS, LLC (6) · DRY FORK PRODUCTION CO., LLC (2) · SPRUIELL DRILLING CO., INC. (2)
CROCKETT (105) 11 11 +0 GREEN CENTURY EXP & PROD, LLC (5) · TRIPLE CROWN RESOURCES, LLC (3) · ASPEN OPERATING COMPANY, L.L.C. (1)
GLASSCOCK (173) 67 11 -56 PIONEER NATURAL RES. USA, INC. (8) · AQUA TERRA PERMIAN, LLC (1) · MCCLURE OIL COMPANY, INC. (1)
SAN AUGUSTINE (405) 5 11 +6 XTO ENERGY INC. (6) · AETHON ENERGY OPERATING LLC (3) · PINE WAVE ENERGY PARTNERS OP,LLC (2)
FRIO (163) 13 10 -3 JAVELIN ENERGY PARTNERS MGMT LLC (7) · TRINITY OPERATING (USG), LLC (3)
JACK (237) 10 10 +0 OAKRIDGE OIL AND GAS, LP (4) · BEST PETROLEUM EXPLORATIONS,INC. (1) · CLEAR BROOKE RANCHES, LLC (1)
WICHITA (485) 9 10 +1 W.T. WAGGONER ESTATE, INC. (5) · NEWPORT OPERATING, LLC (4) · R2Q OPERATING LLC (1)
ZAVALA (507) 16 10 -6 TRINITY OPERATING (USG), LLC (7) · EXCO OPERATING COMPANY, LP (2) · BUFFCO PRODUCTION INC. (1)
BORDEN (33) 30 8 -22 BROWNING OIL COMPANY, INC. (2) · HIGHPEAK ENERGY HOLDINGS, LLC (2) · BAR D ENERGY, LLC (1)
DENTON (121) 14 8 -6 BKV BARNETT, LLC (4) · LIME ROCK RESOURCES IV-A, L.P. (4)
FAYETTE (149) 18 8 -10 ROCC OPERATING, LLC (4) · MAGNOLIA OIL & GAS OPERATING LLC (2) · RAMTEX ENERGY LLC (2)
SHACKELFORD (417) 10 8 -2 STASNEY WELL SERVICE, LLC (6) · BLUFF CREEK PETROLEUM, LLC (1) · MIDVILLE ENERGY, LLC. (1)
DAWSON (115) 8 7 -1 EOG RESOURCES, INC. (2) · RELIANCE ENERGY, INC. (2) · HALVEY ENERGY, LLC (1)
MITCHELL (335) 4 7 +3 SABINAL ENERGY OPERATING, LLC (4) · BAYSWATER OPERATING COMPANY LLC (2) · BASA RESOURCES, INC. (1)
ROBERTS (393) 7 7 +0 LATIGO PETROLEUM, LLC (4) · HADAWAY CONSULT AND ENGINEER,LLC (2) · MEWBOURNE OIL COMPANY (1)
SHELBY (419) 10 7 -3 SILVER HILL ENERGY OPERATING LLC (4) · AETHON ENERGY OPERATING LLC (2) · XTO ENERGY INC. (1)
WASHINGTON (477) 14 7 -7 GEOSOUTHERN OPERATING II, LLC (4) · MAGNOLIA OIL & GAS OPERATING LLC (3)
BAYLOR (23) 4 6 +2 W.T. WAGGONER ESTATE, INC. (6)
CASS (67) 11 6 -5 ROSE CITY RESOURCES, LLC (4) · BARROW-SHAVER RESOURCES CO. (2)
CLAY (77) 11 6 -5 MUIRFIELD EXPLORATION, LTD. (4) · ARCH OPERATING, LLC (1) · DRY CREEK OPERATING, LLC (1)
HUDSPETH (229) 1 6 +5 HUDSPETH OPERATING, LLC (6)
JACKSON (239) 3 6 +3 HILCORP ENERGY COMPANY (2) · PALOMA OPERATING, LLC (1) · UNITED OPERATIONS LLC (1)
KNOX (275) 1 6 +5 SHILOH OIL COMPANY LLC (5) · HW OPERATING, LLC (1)
ROBERTSON (395) 2 6 +4 WILDFIRE ENERGY OPERATING LLC (5) · CHESAPEAKE OPERATING, L.L.C. (1)
TYLER (457) 6 6 +0 NAVIDAD OPERATING COMPANY, LLC (3) · ERGON ENERGY PARTNERS, L.P. (2) · GEOSOUTHERN OPERATING II, LLC (1)
BEE (25) 5 5 +0 HEADWATERS ENERGY PARTNERS, LLC (2) · CIMARRON ENGINEERING, LLC (1) · DAHCO OPERATING, LLC (1)
BRAZOS (41) 4 5 +1 WILDFIRE ENERGY OPERATING LLC (5)
CHAMBERS (71) 2 5 +3 C & E OPERATING, INC. (2) · ENERGY TRANSFER MT BELV NGLS LP (1) · TARGA DOWNSTREAM LLC (1)
HARDIN (199) 6 5 -1 FOUNDATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT LLC (2) · RADCO OPERATIONS, L.P. (1) · SARATOGA PRODUCTION COMPANY LLC (1)
JONES (253) 10 5 -5 PETRO-HUNT, L.L.C. (2) · SOJOURNER DRILLING CORPORATION (2) · MESA RIDGE HOLDINGS LLC (1)
NUECES (355) 5 5 +0 PALOMA OPERATING, LLC (1) · DAHCO OPERATING, LLC (1) · KRC OPERATING, LLC (1)
POLK (373) 1 5 +4 NADSOILCO LLC (2) · DAVIS SOUTHERN OPERATING CO LLC (1) · FRIO RESOURCES, LLC (1)
RUSK (401) 6 5 -1 CRATON OPERATING LLC (3) · SABINE OIL & GAS CORPORATION (2)
STONEWALL (433) 3 5 +2 DRY FORK PRODUCTION CO., LLC (1) · ECHO PRODUCTION, INC. (1) · KINDER MORGAN PRODUCTION CO LLC (1)
VICTORIA (469) 8 5 -3 ALLEGIANT RESOURCES, LLC (2) · AMERICO ENERGY RESOURCES, LLC (1) · FRIO RESOURCES, LLC (1)
WHARTON (481) 3 5 +2 MAGNUM PRODUCING, LP (2) · PALOMA OPERATING, LLC (1) · FLETCHER OPERATING, LLC (1)
WILSON (493) 23 5 -18 WARWICK-ARTEMIS, LLC (4) · FIRST ROCK, INC. (1)
AUSTIN (15) 4 4 +0 VERDUN OIL & GAS LLC (2) · ENHANCED ENERGY PARTNERS CORP (1) · IRONROC ENERGY (1)
BRAZORIA (39) 2 4 +2 CIMARRON ENGINEERING, LLC (1) · DENBURY ONSHORE, LLC (1) · ELLIOTT OIL & GAS OPERATING CO. (1)
BURLESON (51) 6 4 -2 LRR PECOS VALLEY, LLC (3) · ATLAS OPERATING LLC (1)
DALLAS (113) 1 4 +3 GHA BARNETT, LLC (4)
HUTCHINSON (233) 1 4 +3 SCOUT ENERGY MANAGEMENT LLC (4)
JIM HOGG (247) 1 4 +3 OVERTON PARK OIL & GAS LP (2) · D. O. G. OPERATING, LLC (1) · EVEREST RESOURCE COMPANY (1)
KING (269) 4 4 +0 BURNETT OIL CO., INC. (1) · GUNN OIL COMPANY (1) · HIGH RIVER RES OPERATING, LLC (1)
LEE (287) 4 4 +0 MAGNOLIA OIL & GAS OPERATING LLC (3) · RILEY PERMIAN OPERATING CO, LLC (1)
MAVERICK (323) 3 4 +1 STRAND ENERGY, L.C. (4)
MILAM (331) 4 4 +0 LRR PECOS VALLEY, LLC (3) · TIDAL PETROLEUM, INC. (1)
BROOKS (47) 8 3 -5 BLUEFIN RESOURCES LLC (1) · HEADINGTON ENERGY PARTNERS, LLC (1) · OVERTON PARK OIL & GAS LP (1)
CALDWELL (55) 1 3 +2 TEXAS PETROLEUM INVESTMENT CO. (2) · LEFT BEHIND RECOVERY, LLC (1)
COTTLE (101) 0 3 +3 GUNN OIL COMPANY (3)
DUVAL (131) 4 3 -1 SHOR OPERATING LLC (2) · BRIDWELL OIL CO. (1)
EDWARDS (137) 2 3 +1 PNP OPERATING COMPANY LLC (3)
FRANKLIN (159) 0 3 +3 FAIR OIL, LTD. (2) · SOUTHWEST OPERATING, INC.-TYLER (1)
GRAY (179) 1 3 +2 SEEK ENERGY, LLC (2) · OCCAM PETROLEUM E&P, LLC (1)
GRAYSON (181) 5 3 -2 LITTLE, QUINTIN COMPANY,INC.,THE (2) · GRAYSON PETROLEUM COMPANY (1)
GREGG (183) 1 3 +2 NECHES EXPLORATION, L.L.C. (2) · SABINE OIL & GAS CORPORATION (1)
HASKELL (207) 3 3 +0 NBX ENERGY, LLC (1) · S.B. STREET OPERATING, INC. (1) · WILCOX PETROLEUM OPERATING LLC. (1)
HENDERSON (213) 0 3 +3 OPTIMUM EXPLORATION LLC (2) · HIGHMARK ENERGY OPERATING, LLC (1)
JASPER (241) 2 3 +1 IRONROC ENERGY (1) · WAGNER OIL COMPANY (1) · WHITEHEAD RESOURCES, LTD. (1)
LUBBOCK (303) 7 3 -4 TEXLAND PETROLEUM, L.P. (2) · RAW OIL & GAS, INC. (1)
SHERMAN (421) 4 3 -1 PANTERA ENERGY COMPANY (3)
TAYLOR (441) 15 3 -12 CEDAR OIL COMPANY (2) · ATMOS ENERGY,WEST TEXAS DIVISION (1)
THROCKMORTON (447) 1 3 +2 BENNETT RESOURCES, INC. (1) · COOPER OIL & GAS, LLC (1) · SUBSEA OPERATING CO. (1)
WHEELER (483) 1 3 +2 EHVI EXPLORATION, LLC (2) · SANGUINE GAS EXPLORATION, LLC (1)
WOOD (499) 1 3 +2 FAIR OIL, LTD. (1) · PEAK OPERATING LLC (1) · STRAND ENERGY, L.C. (1)
ZAPATA (505) 4 3 -1 ALTALAY STX LLC (2) · VANTAGE OPERATING, LLC (1)
ANGELINA (5) 4 2 -2 AETHON ENERGY OPERATING LLC (2)
BRISCOE (45) 0 2 +2 ATMOS ENERGY CORP., MID-TEX DIV. (2)
COLEMAN (83) 1 2 +1 JOHNSON & MORRIS (2)
COOKE (97) 7 2 -5 HWH PRODUCTION, LLC (1) · REED PRODUCTION, INC. (1)
DICKENS (125) 4 2 -2 HALLIBURTON OPERATING COMPANY (2)
FORT BEND (157) 0 2 +2 BLUE RIDGE OPERATING LLC (2)
GARZA (169) 2 2 +0 BROWN, GEO. R PARTNERSHIP,LP,THE (2)
HANSFORD (195) 2 2 +0 AMARILLO EXPLORATION, INC. (1) · SCOUT ENERGY MANAGEMENT LLC (1)
HARDEMAN (197) 4 2 -2 ASSENT ENERGY PARTNERS, LLC (1) · SUTHERLAND ENERGY CO., LLC (1)
HARRIS (201) 9 2 -7 BALLARD EXPLORATION COMPANY,INC. (1) · TORTUGA OPERATING COMPANY (1)
HEMPHILL (211) 3 2 -1 BRACKEN OPERATING, L.L.C. (1) · EHVI EXPLORATION, LLC (1)
HOCKLEY (219) 8 2 -6 FELDERHOFF PRODUCTION COMPANY (1) · TEXLAND PETROLEUM, L.P. (1)
JIM WELLS (249) 3 2 -1 CIMARRON ENGINEERING, LLC (2)
KENEDY (261) 3 2 -1 HUGHES, DAN A. COMPANY, L.P. (1) · SARITA ENERGY RESOURCES, LTD. (1)
LIBERTY (291) 2 2 +0 FORT APACHE ENERGY, INC. (1) · PNG OPERATING COMPANY (1)
LIPSCOMB (295) 4 2 -2 DUNCAN OIL PROPERTIES, INC. (1) · MEWBOURNE OIL COMPANY (1)
MADISON (313) 3 2 -1 WILDFIRE ENERGY OPERATING LLC (2)
MATAGORDA (321) 5 2 -3 BLUEFIN RESOURCES LLC (1) · VIPER S.W.D., LLC (1)
MONTAGUE (337) 4 2 -2 EOG RESOURCES, INC. (1) · 3-T EXPLORATION, INC. (1)
NOLAN (353) 9 2 -7 CHOLLA PETROLEUM, INC. (1) · GOODROCK NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC (1)
RUNNELS (399) 3 2 -1 GEOSURVEYS, INC. (1) · GOLDEN OIL AND RANCH, LLC (1)
UPSHUR (459) 0 2 +2 BUFFCO PRODUCTION INC. (1) · SABINE OIL & GAS CORPORATION (1)
BEXAR (29) 5 1 -4 ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS OPERATINGLLC (1)
CALHOUN (57) 1 1 +0 B&L RESOURCES, L.L.C. (1)
CAMP (63) 0 1 +1 BASA RESOURCES, INC. (1)
CARSON (65) 2 1 -1 PANTERA ENERGY COMPANY (1)
COKE (81) 0 1 +1 GOODROCK NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC (1)
COLORADO (89) 1 1 +0 EVEREST RESOURCE COMPANY (1)
COMANCHE (93) 0 1 +1 ARNOT OIL COMPANY, LLC (1)
CONCHO (95) 0 1 +1 HW OPERATING, LLC (1)
FOARD (155) 0 1 +1 ABB OIL CO., INC. (1)
GOLIAD (175) 1 1 +0 T-C OIL COMPANY, LLC (1)
GUADALUPE (187) 0 1 +1 TEXAS PETROLEUM INVESTMENT CO. (1)
HARTLEY (205) 1 1 +0 DDD EXPLORATION, INC. (1)
HOPKINS (223) 0 1 +1 3-T EXPLORATION, INC. (1)
HOUSTON (225) 1 1 +0 WAGNER OIL COMPANY (1)
JEFFERSON (245) 0 1 +1 DECKER OPERATING CO., L.L.C. (1)
KAUFMAN (257) 2 1 -1 WALKER OPERATING COMPANY (1)
KENT (263) 1 1 +0 SOJOURNER DRILLING CORPORATION (1)
KLEBERG (273) 3 1 -2 HEADINGTON ENERGY PARTNERS, LLC (1)
LEON (289) 1 1 +0 COMSTOCK OIL & GAS, LLC (1)
LIMESTONE (293) 1 1 +0 NEW HORIZON GLOBAL, INC. (1)
MARION (315) 0 1 +1 FOSSIL ENERGY, INC. (1)
MENARD (327) 1 1 +0 SHA-JAM OPERATING CORP. (1)
OCHILTREE (357) 8 1 -7 BRACKEN OPERATING, L.L.C. (1)
PARKER (367) 0 1 +1 WINFIELD OPERATING COMPANY (1)
SABINE (403) 0 1 +1 C6 OPERATING, L.L.C. (1)
SMITH (423) 3 1 -2 FAULCONER ENERGY, LLC (1)
STARR (427) 7 1 -6 SHOR OPERATING LLC (1)
STEPHENS (429) 1 1 +0 DELTA OIL & GAS LTD. (1)
TERRELL (443) 0 1 +1 LONGFELLOW ENERGY, LP (1)
TERRY (445) 1 1 +0 SMITH ENERGY OPERATING COMPANY (1)
TOM GREEN (451) 2 1 -1 IVORY ENERGY, LLC (1)
VAN ZANDT (467) 0 1 +1 BASA RESOURCES, INC. (1)
WILLIAMSON (491) 0 1 +1 FLINT HILLS RESOURCES, LC (1)
YOUNG (503) 5 1 -4 S.B. STREET OPERATING, INC. (1)
ANDERSON (1) 5 0 -5
BASTROP (21) 1 0 -1
CHEROKEE (73) 4 0 -4
COCHRAN (79) 2 0 -2
EASTLAND (133) 4 0 -4
FREESTONE (161) 1 0 -1
GALVESTON (167) 1 0 -1
HIDALGO (215) 1 0 -1
MONTGOMERY (339) 1 0 -1
MORRIS (343) 1 0 -1
NAVARRO (349) 2 0 -2
NEWTON (351) 1 0 -1
OLDHAM (359) 3 0 -3
ORANGE (361) 1 0 -1
PALO PINTO (363) 2 0 -2
POTTER (375) 2 0 -2
SAN PATRICIO (409) 2 0 -2
WALLER (473) 2 0 -2